BACKGROUND Many critically ill patients treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) experience sleep disruption.
Midazolam is commonly used for the sedation of critically ill patients. This pilot study is aimed to identify the optimal dose of midazolam for achieving sound sleep in critically ill patients. METHODS This prospective study was conducted in the medical ICU of a tertiary referral hospital. Polysomnography recording was performed over 24 hours to assess the quantity and quality of sleep in patients sedated with midazolam. RESULTS A total of five patients were enrolled. Median total sleep time was 494.0 (IQR: 113.5-859.0) min. The majority of sleep was stage 1 (median 82.0 [IQR 60.5-372.5] min) and 2 (median 88.0 [60.5-621.0] min) with scant REM (median 10.0 [6.0-50.5] min) and no stage 3 (0.0 min) sleep.
The median number of wakings in 1 hour was 16.1 (IQR: 7.6-28.6). The dose of midazolam showed a positive correlation with total sleep time (r = 0.975, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS The appropriate quantity of sleep in critically ill patients was achieved with a continuous infusion of 0.02-0.03 mg/kg/h midazolam. However, the quality of sleep was poor. Further study is required for the promotion of quality sleep in such patients.
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Effect of prolonged sedation with dexmedetomidine, midazolam, propofol, and sevoflurane on sleep homeostasis in rats Brian H. Silverstein, Anjum Parkar, Trent Groenhout, Zuzanna Fracz, Anna M. Fryzel, Christopher W. Fields, Amanda Nelson, Tiecheng Liu, Giancarlo Vanini, George A. Mashour, Dinesh Pal British Journal of Anaesthesia.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Reliability of the Korean version of the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire Jae Kyoung Kim, Ju-Hee Park, Jaeyoung Cho, Sang-Min Lee, Jinwoo Lee Acute and Critical Care.2020; 35(3): 164. CrossRef
Sedation in Critically Ill Patients Mark Oldham, Margaret A. Pisani Critical Care Clinics.2015; 31(3): 563. CrossRef
Background Endotracheal suctioning is associated with complications that include bleeding, infection, hypoxemia, cardiovascular instability, and tracheal mucosal injury. Recently, a closed-suction catheter with a pressure valve (Acetrachcare, AceMedical Co., Republic of Korea) was developed. We hypothesized that this new catheter might reduce tracheal mucosal injury compared to a conventional closed-suction catheter (Trachcare, Kimberly-balla RD, USA).
Methods This prospective, randomized study enrolled medical and surgical patients who required mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours. Patients were randomized into two groups: one group was suctioned with the conventional closed-suction catheter (CCC) and the other group was suctioned with the closed-suction catheter with pressure valve (CCPV). Bronchoscopy was performed 48 hours later, and the severity of tracheal mucosal injury was graded on a 5-point scale, as follows: 0 = normal; 1 = erythema or edema; 2 = erosion; 3 = hemorrhage; and 4 = ulceration or necrosis.
Results A total of 76 patients (37 with CCPV and 39 with CCC) were included. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding demographic characteristics, changes in hemodynamic parameters during suction, incidence of pneumonia, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, or ICU mortality. On bronchoscopic evaluation, the use of the CCPV led to a significant decrease in tracheal mucosal injury (median tracheal mucosal injury grade 1 [IQR 0-1] vs. 2 [IQR 1-3], p = 0.001).
Conclusions We conclude that the novel closed-suction catheter with pressure valve may reduce tracheal mucosal injury compared to conventional catheters.
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“Study on Device System to Reduce Tracheal Mucosal Injury in Intubation Patients” [ASME Journal of Medical Devices, 2022, 16(3), p. 031006; DOI: 10.1115/1.4054334]
Efficacy of the Closed Suction Applied To Patients In Intensive Care Units with Different Techniques: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial Zuhal GÜLSOY, Şerife KARAGÖZOĞLU Cumhuriyet Medical Journal.2020;[Epub] CrossRef